[Interest] Interest Digest, Vol 86, Issue 11
roland at logikalsolutions.com
roland at logikalsolutions.com
Fri Nov 16 16:46:31 CET 2018
Quoting Thiago Macieira:
> On Saturday, 10 November 2018 17:40:06 PST Roland Hughes wrote:
>> Trying to compile Qt program where Qt is build from source on 18.04
>> 64-bit and run it on 14.04. The interesting part is trying to identify
>> which libraries I need /this/ time. The C++ ABI has changed.
>
> There has been no ABI compatibility affecting Qt. What you're seeing
> is not an
> ABI issue, it's the fact that you cannot compile with a version X of
> a library
> and run with version Y where Y < X. The libraries will have symbols that get
> used by their new headers and that weren't present in the old libraries. This
> applies to Qt as well as the C++ and C standard libraries.
>
> And all other libraries Qt uses. Assume ALL the libraries you need have such
> changes.
It's actually an ABI issue with C++ libraries. Sorry if I caused you
confusion.
Actually, you can compile with X and run with Y where Y < X quite
often as long as one compiles to the older standards and there were no
ABI changes. This was mandatory when the oldest Ubuntu 12.04 LTS was
the oldest LTS and 15.04 was current. Nothing (well nothing any client
I encountered tried) would compile on 12 and work on the later
releases. 12 was simply an unfortunate release. Not as unfortunate as
13, but, unfortunate.
>
>> I tried compiling QT with C++11 standard, but, it will no longer compile
>> with that standard.
>
> Yes, it does.
>
For some of the people, some of the time, some of the versions do.
When talking about 5.9.7, most definitely. When talking about 5.11.0,
your statement would be a Clinton-truth. Automated testing for 5.11.0
was just there to check the box. If c++11 support really was a
requirement, it should have never been released into the wild. Maybe
it got fixed in later dot releases, but that doesn't change the fact
it is in the wild and will not build with c++11.
-----
You can recreate the problem in a VM built this way.
Install Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit and apply all updates, rebooting and
checking several times so you get the latest kernel and all of the
other blocking stuff.
=====
#!/bin/bash
# additional dependancies and other things
#
sudo apt-get -f --assume-yes install g++ libgl1-mesa-dev libx11-dev \
libxss-dev git devscripts chrpath pax-utils squashfs-tools \
genisoimage curl whois synaptic
#libgl1-mesa-glx kpat gnome-calculator
sudo apt-get -f --assume-yes install bison build-essential gperf \
flex ruby python libasound2-dev libbz2-dev libcap-dev \
libcups2-dev libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgcrypt11-dev libnss3-dev \
libpci-dev libpulse-dev libudev-dev \
libxtst-dev gyp meld
# syslinux-utils
sudo apt-get -f --assume-yes install libssl-dev libxcursor-dev \
libxcomposite-dev \
libxdamage-dev libxrandr-dev \
libfontconfig1-dev libxss-dev libcap-dev libxi-dev libxtst-dev re2c \
libdbus-1-dev libpci-dev libudev-dev \
gconf-2.0 gconf2 libgnome-keyring-dev libgnome-keyring-dev python-gtk2-dev \
libsnappy-dev chromium-browser-l10n chromium-browser \
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra
# libre2-dev snapcraft
=====
#!/bin/bash
# install editors and terminals
#
sudo apt-get -f --assume-yes install bluefish jed guake \
qtcreator
=====
reboot to be sure of installs
mkdir qt_5_11_0
extract qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0.tar.xz to qt_5_11_0 via your favorite method
cd qt_5_11_0
./configure -prefix /home/developer/Qt-5.11.0 -c++std c++11 -qt-xcb
-opensource -confirm-license -proprietary-codecs -qt-webengine-icu
-qt-webp -qt-ffmpeg -qt-opus -qt-libjpeg -qt-libpng -fontconfig
-qt-pcre -qt-zlib -system-freetype -qt-harfbuzz -qt-xkbcommon-x11
-qt-assimp
=====
Configure summary:
Build type: linux-g++ (x86_64, CPU features: mmx sse sse2)
Configuration: use_gold_linker sse2 aesni sse3 ssse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 avx
avx2 avx512f avx512bw avx512cd avx512dq avx512er avx512ifma avx512pf
avx512vbmi avx512vl compile_examples enable_new_dtags f16c largefile
precompile_header rdrnd shani x86SimdAlways shared rpath release c++11
concurrent dbus reduce_exports reduce_relocations stl
Build options:
Mode ................................... release
Optimize release build for size ........ no
Building shared libraries .............. yes
Using C++ standard ..................... C++11
Using ccache ........................... no
Using gold linker ...................... yes
Using new DTAGS ........................ yes
Using precompiled headers .............. yes
Using LTCG ............................. no
Target compiler supports:
SSE .................................. SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4.1 SSE4.2
AVX .................................. AVX AVX2
AVX512 ............................... F ER CD PF DQ BW VL IFMA VBMI
Other x86 ............................ AES F16C RDRAND SHA
Intrinsics without -mXXX option ...... yes
Build parts ............................ libs examples tools
Qt modules and options:
Qt Concurrent .......................... yes
Qt D-Bus ............................... yes
Qt D-Bus directly linked to libdbus .... yes
Qt Gui ................................. yes
Qt Network ............................. yes
Qt Sql ................................. yes
Qt Testlib ............................. yes
Qt Widgets ............................. yes
Qt Xml ................................. yes
Support enabled for:
Using pkg-config ....................... yes
udev ................................... yes
Using system zlib ...................... no
Qt Core:
DoubleConversion ....................... yes
Using system DoubleConversion ........ no
GLib ................................... yes
iconv .................................. no
ICU .................................... yes
Tracing backend ........................ <none>
Logging backends:
journald ............................. no
syslog ............................... no
slog2 ................................ no
Using system PCRE2 ..................... no
Qt Network:
getifaddrs() ........................... yes
IPv6 ifname ............................ yes
libproxy ............................... no
Linux AF_NETLINK ....................... yes
OpenSSL ................................ yes
Qt directly linked to OpenSSL ........ no
OpenSSL 1.1 ............................ yes
SCTP ................................... no
Use system proxies ..................... yes
Qt Gui:
Accessibility .......................... yes
FreeType ............................... yes
Using system FreeType ................ yes
HarfBuzz ............................... yes
Using system HarfBuzz ................ no
Fontconfig ............................. yes
Image formats:
GIF .................................. yes
ICO .................................. yes
JPEG ................................. yes
Using system libjpeg ............... no
PNG .................................. yes
Using system libpng ................ no
EGL .................................... yes
OpenVG ................................. no
OpenGL:
Desktop OpenGL ....................... yes
OpenGL ES 2.0 ........................ no
OpenGL ES 3.0 ........................ no
OpenGL ES 3.1 ........................ no
OpenGL ES 3.2 ........................ no
Vulkan ................................. no
Session Management ..................... yes
Features used by QPA backends:
evdev .................................. yes
libinput ............................... no
INTEGRITY HID .......................... no
mtdev .................................. no
tslib .................................. no
xkbcommon-evdev ........................ no
QPA backends:
DirectFB ............................... no
EGLFS .................................. yes
EGLFS details:
EGLFS OpenWFD ........................ no
EGLFS i.Mx6 .......................... no
EGLFS i.Mx6 Wayland .................. no
EGLFS RCAR ........................... no
EGLFS EGLDevice ...................... yes
EGLFS GBM ............................ no
EGLFS VSP2 ........................... no
EGLFS Mali ........................... no
EGLFS Raspberry Pi ................... no
EGL on X11 ........................... yes
LinuxFB ................................ yes
VNC .................................... yes
Mir client ............................. no
X11:
Using system-provided XCB libraries .. no
EGL on X11 ........................... yes
Xinput2 .............................. yes
XCB XKB .............................. yes
XLib ................................. yes
XCB render ........................... yes
XCB GLX .............................. yes
XCB Xlib ............................. yes
Using system-provided xkbcommon ...... no
Native painting (experimental) ....... yes
Qt Widgets:
GTK+ ................................... no
Styles ................................. Fusion Windows
Qt PrintSupport:
CUPS ................................... yes
Qt Sql:
DB2 (IBM) .............................. no
InterBase .............................. no
MySql .................................. no
OCI (Oracle) ........................... no
ODBC ................................... no
PostgreSQL ............................. no
SQLite2 ................................ no
SQLite ................................. yes
Using system provided SQLite ......... no
TDS (Sybase) ........................... no
Qt Testlib:
Tester for item models ................. yes
Qt SerialBus:
Socket CAN ............................. yes
Socket CAN FD .......................... yes
QtXmlPatterns:
XML schema support ..................... yes
Qt QML:
QML network support .................... yes
QML debugging and profiling support .... yes
QML delegate model ..................... yes
Qt Quick:
Direct3D 12 ............................ no
AnimatedImage item ..................... yes
Canvas item ............................ yes
Support for Qt Quick Designer .......... yes
Flipable item .......................... yes
GridView item .......................... yes
ListView item .......................... yes
Path support ........................... yes
PathView item .......................... yes
Positioner items ....................... yes
Repeater item .......................... yes
ShaderEffect item ...................... yes
Sprite item ............................ yes
Qt Gamepad:
SDL2 ................................... no
Qt 3D:
Assimp ................................. yes
System Assimp .......................... no
Output Qt3D Job traces ................. no
Output Qt3D GL traces .................. no
Use SSE2 instructions .................. yes
Use AVX2 instructions .................. no
Aspects:
Render aspect ........................ yes
Input aspect ......................... yes
Logic aspect ......................... yes
Animation aspect ..................... yes
Extras aspect ........................ yes
Qt 3D Renderers:
OpenGL Renderer ........................ yes
Qt 3D GeometryLoaders:
Autodesk FBX ........................... no
Qt Wayland Drivers:
EGL .................................... yes
Raspberry Pi ........................... no
XComposite EGL ......................... yes
XComposite GLX ......................... yes
DRM EGL ................................ yes
libhybris EGL .......................... no
Qt Wayland Client ........................ yes
Qt Wayland Compositor .................... yes
Qt Wayland Compositor Layer Plugins:
VSP2 hardware layer integration ........ no
Qt Bluetooth:
BlueZ .................................. no
BlueZ Low Energy ....................... no
Linux Crypto API ....................... no
WinRT Bluetooth API (desktop & UWP) .... no
Qt Sensors:
sensorfw ............................... no
Qt Quick Controls 2:
Styles ................................. Default Fusion Imagine
Material Universal
Qt Quick Templates 2:
Hover support .......................... yes
Multi-touch support .................... yes
Qt Positioning:
Gypsy GPS Daemon ....................... no
WinRT Geolocation API .................. no
Qt Location:
Qt.labs.location experimental QML plugin . yes
Geoservice plugins:
OpenStreetMap ........................ yes
HERE ................................. yes
Esri ................................. yes
Mapbox ............................... yes
MapboxGL ............................. no
Itemsoverlay ......................... yes
Qt Multimedia:
ALSA ................................... yes
GStreamer 1.0 .......................... no
GStreamer 0.10 ......................... no
Video for Linux ........................ yes
OpenAL ................................. no
PulseAudio ............................. yes
Resource Policy (libresourceqt5) ....... no
Windows Audio Services ................. no
DirectShow ............................. no
Windows Media Foundation ............... no
Qt WebEngine:
Embedded build ......................... no
Pepper Plugins ......................... yes
Printing and PDF ....................... yes
Proprietary Codecs ..................... yes
Spellchecker ........................... yes
Native Spellchecker .................... no
WebRTC ................................. yes
Use System Ninja ....................... no
Geolocation ............................ yes
Use v8 snapshot ........................ yes
Use ALSA ............................... yes
Use PulseAudio ......................... yes
Optional system libraries used:
re2 .................................. yes
icu .................................. no
libwebp, libwebpmux and libwebpdemux . no
opus ................................. no
ffmpeg ............................... no
libvpx ............................... no
snappy ............................... yes
libsrtp .............................. no
glib ................................. yes
zlib ................................. no
minizip .............................. no
libevent ............................. no
jsoncpp .............................. no
protobuf ............................. no
libxml2 and libxslt .................. no
lcms2 ................................ no
png .................................. no
JPEG ................................. no
harfbuzz ............................. no
Required system libraries:
fontconfig ........................... yes
dbus ................................. yes
nss .................................. yes
khr .................................. yes
glibc ................................ yes
Required system libraries for qpa-xcb:
libdrm ............................... yes
xcomposite ........................... yes
xcursor .............................. yes
xi ................................... yes
xrandr ............................... yes
xtst ................................. yes
Note: Also available for Linux: linux-clang linux-icc
Note: Dropped compiler flags '-pthread' when detecting library 'glib'.
Note: Disabling X11 Accessibility Bridge: D-Bus or AT-SPI is missing.
Qt is now configured for building. Just run 'make'.
Once everything is built, you must run 'make install'.
Qt will be installed into '/home/developer/Qt-5.11.0'.
Prior to reconfiguration, make sure you remove any leftovers from
the previous build.
developer at developer-U18-04-64-bit-dev-VirtualBox:~/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0$
=====
make -j2
make[5]: Entering directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d/threejs/planets'
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -fno-exceptions -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC
-DQT_NO_FOREACH -DQT_NO_EXCEPTIONS -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_QUICK_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB
-DQT_QML_LIB -DQT_NETWORK_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I.
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQuick -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtGui -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQml -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtNetwork -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore -I.moc -isystem /usr/include/libdrm -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o .obj/main.o
main.cpp
In file included from
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore/qdebug.h:1:0,
from
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/io/qloggingcategory.h:44,
from
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore/qloggingcategory.h:1,
from
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore/QLoggingCategory:1,
from qwaylanddisplay_p.h:60,
from qwaylanddisplay.cpp:40:
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/io/qdebug.h: In member function ‘void
QDebug::Stream::setVerbosity(int)’:
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/io/qdebug.h:99:42: warning: result of ‘(7 << 29)’ requires 33 bits to represent, but ‘int’ only has 32 bits
[-Wshift-overflow=]
flags &= ~(VerbosityMask << VerbosityShift);
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
qwaylanddisplay.cpp: In member function ‘void
QtWaylandClient::QWaylandDisplay::addRegistryListener(QtWaylandClient::RegistryListener,
void*)’:
qwaylanddisplay.cpp:315:35: error: could not convert ‘{listener,
data}’ from ‘<brace-enclosed initializer list>’ to
‘QtWaylandClient::QWaylandDisplay::Listener’
Listener l = { listener, data };
^
Makefile:5928: recipe for target '.obj/qwaylanddisplay.o' failed
make[3]: *** [.obj/qwaylanddisplay.o] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtwayland/src/client'
Makefile:73: recipe for target 'sub-client-make_first' failed
make[2]: *** [sub-client-make_first] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtwayland/src'
Makefile:46: recipe for target 'sub-src-make_first' failed
make[1]: *** [sub-src-make_first] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtwayland'
Makefile:624: recipe for target 'module-qtwayland-make_first' failed
make: *** [module-qtwayland-make_first] Error 2
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
cd cellphone/ && ( test -e Makefile ||
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/bin/qmake -o
Makefile
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d/threejs/cellphone/cellphone.pro ) && make -f
Makefile
make[5]: Entering directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d/threejs/cellphone'
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -fno-exceptions -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC
-DQT_NO_FOREACH -DQT_NO_EXCEPTIONS -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_QUICK_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB
-DQT_QML_LIB -DQT_NETWORK_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I.
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQuick -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtGui -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQml -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtNetwork -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore -I.moc -isystem /usr/include/libdrm -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o .obj/main.o
main.cpp
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/bin/rcc
-name planets planets.qrc -o .rcc/qrc_planets.cpp
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -fno-exceptions -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC
-DQT_NO_FOREACH -DQT_NO_EXCEPTIONS -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_QUICK_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB
-DQT_QML_LIB -DQT_NETWORK_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I.
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQuick -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtGui -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQml -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtNetwork -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore -I.moc -isystem /usr/include/libdrm -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o .obj/qrc_planets.o
.rcc/qrc_planets.cpp
/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/bin/rcc
-name cellphone cellphone.qrc -o .rcc/qrc_cellphone.cpp
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -fno-exceptions -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC
-DQT_NO_FOREACH -DQT_NO_EXCEPTIONS -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_QUICK_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB
-DQT_QML_LIB -DQT_NETWORK_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I.
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include
-I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQuick -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtGui -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/include/QtQml -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtNetwork -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/include/QtCore -I.moc -isystem /usr/include/libdrm -I/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o .obj/qrc_cellphone.o
.rcc/qrc_cellphone.cpp
g++ -Wl,-O1 -fuse-ld=gold -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -Wl,-z,origin
-Wl,-rpath,\$ORIGIN/../../../../lib -o cellphone .obj/main.o
.obj/qrc_cellphone.o
-L/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/lib
-lQt5Quick
-L/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/lib
-lQt5Gui -lQt5Qml -lQt5Network -lQt5Core -lGL -lpthread
make[5]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d/threejs/cellphone'
g++ -Wl,-O1 -fuse-ld=gold -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -Wl,-z,origin
-Wl,-rpath,\$ORIGIN/../../../../lib -o planets .obj/main.o
.obj/qrc_planets.o
-L/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtdeclarative/lib
-lQt5Quick
-L/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtbase/lib
-lQt5Gui -lQt5Qml -lQt5Network -lQt5Core -lGL -lpthread
make[5]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d/threejs/planets'
make[4]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d/threejs'
make[3]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples/canvas3d'
make[2]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d/examples'
make[1]: Leaving directory
'/home/developer/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0/qtcanvas3d'
developer at developer-U18-04-64-bit-dev-VirtualBox:~/qt_5_11_0/qt-everywhere-src-5.11.0$
--
Roland Hughes, President
Logikal Solutions
(630) 205-1593
http://www.theminimumyouneedtoknow.com
http://www.infiniteexposure.net
http://www.johnsmith-book.com
http://www.logikalblog.com
http://www.interestingauthors.com/blog
http://lesedi.us
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